Synthetic resinous or resinoid products and process of making same



. 5 carboxylic in acetone,

not soluble in butyl acetate, propionate, toluol,

Patented Jul 20, 1931 s PA'r mT oFFici:

sm'rnmlc ans'mous on; ansmom monuc'rs AND rnocsss or o SAME Carleton Ellis,Montclair, N. 3., assignor to Ellis- ,Foster Company, a. corporation or New Jersey 1% Drawing.s

44 Claims.

This invention relates'to synthetic resins and to the process of making same,

I to such resins as may be made by treating a polyhydric alcohol with a monobasic or polybasic ac d.

In my prior application, Serial No. 609,136, filed November 26, 1922, there are disclosed and claimed resinous substances prepared irom glycerol, polyglycerol, glycol and similar polyhydric alcohols, and monobasic or polybasic carboxylic 'acids or their anhydrides, such as phthalic acidand anhydride, citric, malic, tartaric, maleic, iumaric, oleic, stearic acids and also certain resin acids. That companion case. illustrates these combinations by various resins, such asjphthalic' glyceride, tartaric glyce'ride, malic glyceride, phthalic polyglyceride, phthalic glycerol oleic acid combinations, phthalic glycerol stearic acid combinations, etc. That case is nowIPatent No.

1,897,977, granted February 14, 1933.

I 7 In companion copending application, Serial No. 193,726, the preparation of resins from vari- I ous polyhydric alcohols and organic acids are also set forth, this application particularly cover- I, ing the glycol ether reaction products, and particularly when glyceride oil components are present in the complex. i

The object is to modify the solubility, decrease the tendency to harden or polymerize under heat treatment and to obtain various fusible resins notably resistant to water. Using substituted acids it becomes a more simple matter to prepare a hard resin of fairly high melting point which issufliciently soluble in such solvents, as, for example, ethyl alcohol, ethyl or butyl acetate, butyl propionate, and the like. For use .as coating materials such as shellac substitutes, or for use in lacquers in combination with nitrocellulose, it is especially desirable to have as hard a resin as may be obtained and yet freely soluble in some particular solvent.

Phthalic glyceride resin, for example, is soluble and the higher ketone solvents,but is xylol, butyl alcohol, and like solvents, and cannot with nitrocellulose solutions containing these in large proportion.. The citric and also the tartaric glycerides of .the fusible and soluble type are readily affected by water. Many of these unsubstituted resins are limited in value'for various purposes owing to such characteristics.

In-order to modify and change the solubility, fusibility and hardness,or color of these resins, I have found and particularly therefore be dissolved in said solvents or blended it advantageous to employ sub- Application June 2'1, 1927, erial No. 201,964-

(OL 26H) stituted mono or place of the normal polybasic carboxylic acidsheretofore used. Such materials as nitro, chloro, 'bromo, iodo, acetyl, alkyl, amino, nitrite and aryl derivatives of the polybasic carboxylic acids 6 are among those considered within the scope of this invention. By employing such acids various resins derived therefrom may be obtained, having considerably different degrees of solubility, fusibility and hardness. The employment of such 10 acids readily constitutes a means for securing practically any esired solubility, hardness and color. v

, When three molecular equivalents of phthalic anhydride are slowly heated with two molecular l5 equivalents of glycerol to a temperature of about 230 C.,, a clear,-transparent, hard and fusible. resin is obtained. By increasing the temperature to approximately 240-250 C., a sudden I polymerization will occurand an insoluble and 20 infusible product is obtained. If the heat treatment has stopped short'of this polymerization, say, when the temperature has reached 230 C.,

1 a resin soluble in acetone is obtained.

In contrast with this particular molecular equivalents of bromo phthalic acid and glycerol equal to approximately 15 parts by weight of glycerol and 50.4 parts by weight of temperature of 280 C. A hard very colored resin was obtained,which was fusible and yet insoluble in water, alcohol, acetone, 'toluol or butyl acetate. The use of the bromo phthalic acid in place of the phthalic acid or anhydride therefore has produced a more fusible resin which does not polymerize so easily and has decreased the solubility, so that the resin no longer is soluble in acetone. This resin is unique in that it is'practically insoluble in all of the usual type of organic solvents, and yet is fusible, and may 40 therefore be advantageously employed in molding compositions as a shllacsubstitute to form moldings resistant to such solvents. i Another resin was prepared from 4-nitrophthalic acid 3 parts by weight and glycerol 1 This mixture washeated to a temperature -of 240 C, and finally taken as high as 289 C. 'thout polymerizing. A. yellowish, clear, hard resin, soluble in butyl acetate was obtained, miscible with nitrocellulose in a mixture of. butyl acetate and butyl alcohol'to form a lacquer.

Another resin prepared in the same manner from 3-nitro'-phthalic acid was somewhat darker .in color and not as soluble. This shows the inresin the 25 light straw 30 radually to 280 60.

.hydric alcohols to form resins.

.to eliminate the water solubility of resins derived therefrom.

Such acids as chlorophthalic acids or anhydride also are illustrations of substances adapted for the production of-resins of modified characteristics. I

A substituted polybasic carboxylic acid may 'be admixed with a substituted monobasic carboxylic acid, such as chloro or nitro benzoic acid, and the like, and the mixturereactedwith glycerol or other polyhydric alcohols to form resins. The substituted polybasic carboxylic acids may also be admixed with unsubstituted polybasic carboxylic acids or monobasic acids and reacted with poly- The mixed fatty acids of the vegetable oils may be used to further modify the resins derived from polyhydric alcohols and substituted polybasic carboxylic acids.

Such polyhydric alcohols as glycerol, polyglycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the several polyglycols, pentaerythritol and mannitol are contemplated for the purposes of this invention.

In some cases also I may employ the gl GQl ethers, e. g., dioxy diethyl "ether, dioxy triethyl ether, dioxy tetra ethyl ether and similar dioxy mono 01'' poly ethers. and balsams thus are obtained. V

A resin may be prepared from crude benzoic acid made by the nitric acid process and containing about 10 per cent of para nitrobenzoic acid. One procedure is:

Parts by weight Crude benzoic acid as above 98 Phthalic anhydride 118 Glycerol (98 per centb 94 are heated together with the temperature advancing slowly to' 290 C. over a period of one and onehalf hours. The reaction mixture is agitated throughout this time. The resinous product is readily soluble in various esters, ketones and mixed lacquer solvents. The acid number as made above was found to be 18.8.

A dark colored hard resin is made from Parts by weight Para'nitrobenzoic acid 25 Phthalic anhydride 22- Glycerol (98 per cent) 14 by heating with agitation, raising temperature C. during one'and one-half hours. This resinis readily soluble in butyl acetate.

While I have indicated; as a preferred form the heating all together of the reacting constituents I may vary this procedure by first reacting two of the. components and then adding the third or additional constituents. There may be included various natural resins su'ch'as rosin, or fossil resins, the latter being heattreated or "run to' render soluble. Run Congo resin is suitable for the purpose and tends to give greathardness. Preferably these resins are reacted with the resinifying constituents 'to obtain special complexes.

Glycol ethers tend to yield soft products of the balsam type and when a higher melting point is Congo may be combined to form desired, run

Etherized substituted resins- -a resinifying substituted alcohol until a resin is produced.

consists in heating a Congo glycol-ether substituted organic acid complex.

The glycol ethers such as dioxy diethyl ether are solvents for nitrocellulose and are more advantageous'to use than glycerol as the latter is 5 'not a solventfor nitrocellulose, hence any excess of glycerol may be detrimental in some cases.

Most of the substituted acids and anhydrides which I preferably employ as resinifying agents have from'3 to 10 carbon atoms in the molecule 10 and generally are crystalline bodies. These include the derivatives of such acids as malic, maleic, fumaric, lactic, succinic, malonic, suberic, azelaic, salicylic, terephthalic, naphthoic, and the like. 15

With these resinifying acid derivatives or substituted acid agents-of-resinification, I may employ as indicated one or more non-crystalline acids, especially those having a large number of carbon atoms (say 12 or more) in the molecule. 20 These include the fatty acids of corn, peanut, cottonseed, soya bean, fish, lard, tallow, tung, linseed, castor, and otherglyceride oils, also rosin, kauri, manilla, copal, pontianac, Congo, and so forth.

My, invention thus is concerned with composi- 25 tions comprising a substituted-organic-acid glyceride complex, embracing the complex by itself, or mixtures of it with other substances, various solids, pigments and so forth, including solvents, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and the like. 39

The invention further contemplates compositions comprising a substituted-organic-acid glycol-ether reaction product which may be in the form either of a resin or a balsam, such composition embracing the reaction product by itself 35 or mixtures of it with other substances, various solids, pigments and so forth, including solvents, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and the like.

I have particularly in mind as a specific embodiment, a liquid composition available for coat- 40 ing purposes and the like containing the resin or the balsam, or a mixture of the resin and the hydroxy aliphatic organic-acid glycol-ether resin. '55

3. A process for making a synthetic resin, which consists in heating a mixture of a resinifying substituted aromatic polybasic carboxylic acid and a resinifying polyhydric produced.

4. A process for making a synthetic resin, which consists in simultaneously heating a. mixture of polybasic and a mono-' basic carboxylic acid and a resinifying polyhydric alcohol until a resin is 65 5- A process for making a synthetic resin, which a mixture of a resinifying non-hydroxy substituted polybasic acid and 'a 'monobasic carboxylic acid and a'resinifying glycol-ether until a resin is produced. 70 6. A composition comprising a resinous'reaction product 01 a mixture in which the sole rea'ct-- ing ingredients are substi utedaromatic organic-acid with -a polyhydric alcohol in substantial .amount, the substituted organic carboxylic 7 I which comprises resiniiying tuted aliphatic poiycarboxylic acid with a, polyacid having no ring structure other than that to which the carboxyl'group is directly attached.

'7. A'process for preparing synthetic complexes together a polyhydric alcohol and a non-hydroxy substituted aliphatic polybasic organic acid containing a substituent selected from the radicles consisting of nitro, chlor, brom, amino, nitrile, acetyl and aryl in proportions to yield a more fusible and less soluble resin than is obtained with the same proportions of the alcohol and the same acid unsubbasic aromatic organic carboxylic acid-polyhydric alcohol reaction product.

11. A composition including a non-hydroxy,

substituted polybasic organic acid-polyhydric alcohol natural resin reaction product. 12. A composition including a substituted poly basic carboxylic organic acid-monobasic carboxylic acid-polyhydric alcohol natural resin reaction product. 13. A composition including a non-hydroxy substituted polybasic organic acid-polyhydric al- I cohol-mixed fatty acids of a natural glyceride reaction product. I

14. A composition including a substituted polybasic carboxylic organic acid-monobasic carboxylic acid-polyhydric alcohol-glyceride fatty acid reaction product. 15. A composition including a substituted poly- I 'basic organic acid-glycol ether reaction product.

16. A composition including a substituted polybasic organic acid-alkylene glycol reaction product.

substituted polybasic organic acid-polyglycol reaction product.

18. As a new compound, of a non-hydroxy substituted aliphatic polycarboxyiic' acid.

19. As a new compound, the alkylene glycol ester of a substituted aromatic 'polycarboxylic acid.

20. As a new compound, an ester of a polyglycol with a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid the organic acid having no ring structure other than that to which the carboxyl group is attached.

21. As anew compound, ester of a non-hydroxy substituted aliphatic polycarboxylic acid.

22. The process of preparing a resin of the polyhydric alcoh'ol-polycarboxylic organic acid type which comprises heating a mixture containing a chloro-substituted phthalic acid and a poly-.

' hydric alcohol at a condensationtemperature at least until a sample on cooling exhibits resinous properties. I v

23. A-resinous product of the condensation of a chloro-substituted phthalic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.

' 24. The process of preparing a resin of the pol- 75 which comprises condensing a yhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type halogen-substicarboxylic acid.

1'7. A composition including a non-hydroxy' the glycol ether ester I a polyethylene glycol hydric alcohol.

25. The process of preparing a resin of the polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type which comprises condensing a halogen-substi tuted aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with glycerol. I 26. The process of preparing a resin or the polyhydric aicohol-polycarboxylic acid type which comprises condensing a halogen-substituted aliphatic polycarboxyiic acid with a polyhydric alcohol and an organic carboxylic acid. I condensation product derived from a halogen-substituted aliphatic polycarbox- 2'1. A resinous ylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.

28. A resinous condensation product derived from a ylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.

29. A resinous condensation product derived from a halogen-substituted maleic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.

30. A resinous condensation product derived from a halogen-substituted aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, a polyhydric alcohol and an organic 31. A resinous condensation product derived from a halogen-substituted maleic acid, glycerol and an organic polycarboxylic acid. 32. A condensation product of the polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type comprising a mixed organic acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, at least one of the acid radicals of which is that of a halogen-substituted aliphatic polycarboxylic acid.

33. The process polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type which comprises condensing a halogen-substituted succinic acid with glycerol.

34. A resinous condensation product derived from a halogen-substituted succinic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.

. 35. The process of preparing a resin of the polyhydric alcoh l-polycarboxylic organic acid type which comprises heating a mixture containing a halogen-substituted phtha c acid and a polyhydric alcohol at a condensation temperature at least until a sample on cooling exhibits resinous properties.

36. A composition or matter'comprising a res inous .product of the condensation of a halogensubstituted phthalic acidand a polyhydric alcohol.

3'1. The process of preparing a resin of the polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type 'which comprises heating the mixture containing a halogen substituted aromatic polycarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol at a condensation temperature at least 38. The process of preparing a resin of the polyhydric aicohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type which comprises condensing a polyhydric alcohol with a halogen substituted aromatic polycarboxylic acid and another organic carboxylic acid. A

39. The'process. of preparing aresin of 'the polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type which comprises condensing a polyhydric alcohol with a halogen-substituted'phthalic acid and another organic carboxylic acid.

. 40. The process of preparing a resin of the polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic organic acid type which comprises condensing a polyhydric alcohol with a halogen-substituted phthalic acid and another organic poiycarboxylic acid.

chloro-substituted aliphatic polycarboxof preparing a resin of the until a sample on cooling exhibits resinous properties.

41. A composition of matter comprising a resinous product of the condensation of a halogen substituted aromatic polycarboxylic acid and a. polyhydric alcohol.

42. A composition of matter comprising a product of the condensation of a polyhydric alcohol with a halogen substituted aromatic polycarboxylic acid and another organic carboxylic acid.

43. A composition of matter comprising a prodnot of the condensation of a. polyhydric alcohol with a halogen-substituted phthalic acid and another organic carboxylic acid.

44. A composition of matter comprising a product of. the condensation of a polyhydric alcohol with chloro-substituted phthalic acid and another organic polycarboxylic acid.

* CARLE'I'ON ELLIS. 

